2.6 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation, as a result of past events, and it is probable that an outflow of resources, that can reliably be estimated, will be required to settle such an obligation. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows to net present value using an appropriate pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. Unwinding of the discount is recognised in the statement of profit and loss as a finance cost. Provisions are reviewed at each balance sheet date and are adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.
Contingent liabilities are not recognised but disclosed where the existence of an obligation will only be confirmed by future events or where the amount of the obligation cannot be measured reliably. Contingent assets are not recognised, but are disclosed where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.
2.7 Financial instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
(i) Financial assets
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in profit and loss.
Subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the Company's business model for managing the assets and the cash flow characteristics of the assets. There are three measurement categories into which the Company classifies its debt instruments;
Amortised cost: Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payment of principal and interest (SPPI) are measured at amortised cost. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in other income in the profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the profit or loss.
Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI): Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the assets, where the assets' cash flows represent solely payment of principal and interest (SPPI), are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. Fair value movements are recognised in the other comprehensive income, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest income and foreign exchange gain and losses which are recognised in profit and loss. When the financial assets is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from equity to profit or loss. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the effective interest rate method.
Fair value through profit and loss (FVPL): Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVOCI are measured at fair value through profit or loss. Debt instruments included within the FVPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the statement in profit and loss. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the effective interest rate method.
All equity investments in scope of Ind-AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may classify the same either as at FVTOCI or FVPL. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.
Equity instruments which are classified as FVOCI, all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to profit and loss, even on sale of investment. However, the company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. Equity instruments included within the FVPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the profit or loss.
Impairment of financial assets
The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost and FVOCI debt instruments. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.
The Company applies the 'simplified approach' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognise impairment loss allowance based on lifetime Expected Credit Losses"" (ECL) at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.
Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events on a financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date. ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR. When estimating the cash flows, an entity is required to consider:
• All contractual terms of the financial instrument (including prepayment, extension, call and similar options) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However, in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term of the financial instrument.
• Cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms
ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income/ expense in the statement of profit or loss. This amount is reflected in a separate line in the profit or loss as an impairment gain or loss.
(ii) Financial liabilities
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and trade and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below: All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. For liabilities designated as FVPL, fair value gains/losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/loss are not subsequently transferred to profit or loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of profit or loss.
Financial liabilities at amortized cost
Financial liabilities classified and measured at amortised such as loans and borrowings, trade and other payable are initially recognized at fair value, net of transaction cost incurred. After initial recognition, financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the Effective interest rate (EIR) method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.
De-recognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.
2.8 Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand, short-term deposits with banks with original maturity of less than three months and short-term highly liquid investments, that are readily convertible into cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in the principal amount. Bank overdrafts, which are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the operations are included in cash and cash equivalents.
2.9 Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing the profit/(loss) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Earnings considered in ascertaining the Company's earnings per share are the profit/(loss) for the year after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes attributable to equity shareholders. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year and for all years presented is adjusted for events, such as bonus shares, other than the conversion of potential equity shares that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the profit/(loss) for the year are adjusted for the effects of changes in income, expenses, tax and dividends that would have occurred had the dilutive potential equity shares been converted into equity shares. Such adjustments after taking account of tax include preference dividends or other items related to convertible preference shares, interest on convertible debt and any other changes in income or expense that would result from the conversion of dilutive potential ordinary shares. The weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
19. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS:
1. Capital management
The Company manages its capital to ensure that the Company will be able to continue as a going concern while maximising the return to stakeholders through the optimisation of the debt and equity balance.
The capital structure of the Company consists of net debt and total equity of the Company.
The Company is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements. The Company's board of directors reviews the capital structure on an annual basis. The financial tie up for the company are long term in nature as it is in infrastructure business. Therefore all new capital requirements are duly discussed by the board of directors. The Company monitors its capital using gearing ratio, which is net debt divided to total equity. Net debt includes borrowings less cash and cash equivalents and other bank balances.
3. Financial risk management objectives
The Company's Corporate finance department monitors and manages the financial risks relating to the operations of the Company through internal risk reports which analyse the exposures by degree and magnitude of risks. These risks include market risk (including currency risk, interest rate risk and other price risk), credit risk and liquidity risk.
The Company's Corporate Treasury function reports quarterly to the Company's Board of Directors that monitors risks and policies implemented to mitigate risk exposures.
4. Credit risk management
Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Company. The Company has adopted a policy of only dealing with creditworthy counterparties and obtaining sufficient collateral, where appropriate, as a means of mitigating the risk of financial loss from defaults.
Company's credit risk arises principally from the trade receivables, loans, cash and cash equivalents and other financial assets.
Trade receivables
Trade receivables consist of a large number of customers, spread across diverse industries and geographical areas. Ongoing credit evaluation is performed on the financial condition of trade receivable and, where appropriate, credit guarantee insurance cover is purchased. The outstanding trade receivables are regularly monitored and appropriate action is taken for collection of overdue trade receivables.
Cash and bank balances
The credit risk on liquid funds and other bank deposits is limited because the counterparties are banks with high credit-ratings assigned by international credit-rating agencies.
5. Liquidity risk management
Liquidity risk refers to the risk of financial distress or extraordinary high financing costs arising due to shortage of liquid funds in a situation where business conditions unexpectedly deteriorate and requiring financing. Ultimate responsibility for liquidity risk management rests with the board of directors. The Company manages liquidity risk by maintaining reserves and banking facilities, by continuously monitoring forecast and actual cash flows, and by matching the maturity profiles of financial assets and liabilities.
The following tables detail the Company's remaining contractual maturity for its financial liabilities with agreed repayment periods and its financial assets. The tables have been drawn up based on the undiscounted cash flows of financial liabilities based on the earliest date on which the Company can be required to pay. The tables include both interest and principal cash flows.
To the extent that interest flows are floating rate, the undiscounted amount is derived from interest rate curves at the end of the reporting period. The contractual maturity is based on the earliest date on which the Company may be required to pay.
21 OTHER REGULATORY DISCLOSURE
(i) The company do not hold any Immovable property during the year
(ii) The company do no hold any Property plant and equipment during the year
(iii) The company has not granted loans or advances in the nature of loans to Promoters, Directors, KMPs and the related parties (as defined under companies Act, 2013) either severally or jointly with any other person, that are repayable on demand or without specifying any terms or period of repayment.
(iv) The Company does not have any Capital-work-in progress or intangible assets under development, whose completion is overdue or has exceeded its cost compared to its original plan.
(v) There are no proceedings initiated or pending against the company for holding any benami property under the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 (45 of 1988) and the rules made thereunder.
(vi) The company has no borrowings from banks or financial institutions on the basis of security of current assets.
(vii) The company is not declared a wilful defaulter by the banks or financial institution or any other financial lender.
(viii) The company does not have any transactions with the companies struck off under section 248 of the Companies Act 2013 or section 560 of the Companies Act 1956.
(ix) There are no charges or satisfaction of charges yet to be registered with Registrar of Companies beyond the statutory period.
(x) The company does not have any subsidiaries.
(xi) There is no scheme of arrangement approved by the competent authority in terms of section 230 to 237 of the Companies Act 2013.
(xii) No funds have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the company to or in any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (“Intermediaries”), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall, whether, directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the company (“Ultimate Beneficiaries”) or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries;
(xiii) No funds have been received by the company from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (“Funding Parties”), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the company shall, whether, directly or indirectly, lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (“Ultimate Beneficiaries”) or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries;
As per our report of even date
For A. P. Rajagopalan & Co., For and on behalf of the Board
Chartered Accountants
Sd/- Sd/- Sd/- Sd/-
R Kirthivasan R Srikanth Priyanka Oka Sagar Pankaj Shah
Partner Director Director Company Secretary
FRN 108321W/M No.041533 DIN: 7923382 DIN: 08066379 Membership No.: 64945
UDIN: 25041533BMKZNK1900
Place: Mumbai Place: Mumbai
Date: 29.05.2025 Date: 29.05.2025
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